Continuous-time analog-to-digital converter

ABSTRACT

A converter may include multiple converter stages connected in series. Each converter stage may receive a clock signal and an analog input signal, and may generate an analog output signal and a digital output signal. Each converter stages may include an encoder generating the digital output signal, a decoder generating a reconstructed signal, a delaying converter generating a delayed signal, and an amplifier generating a residue signal, wherein the delayed signal may be a continuous current signal.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/524,729 filed Oct. 27, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/869,454 filed Apr. 24, 2013, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 8,896,475 which claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 61/791,011, filed on Mar. 15, 2013, all of which are herebyincorporated in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Analog-to-digital converters (ADC) have a variety of uses inapplications relating to signal processing in various fields, forexample, in processing relating to image, video, audio, data storage andretrieval.

A typical ADC may have a pipeline structure with multiplesample-and-hold or track-and-hold (T/H) circuits in multiple stages,which enables the ADC to process signals in discrete-time through thestages. As bandwidth requirement of the ADC increases to include higherfrequencies in newer applications, the sampling rate of the ADC is alsoincreased. Consequently, the high speed at which the T/H circuits needto settle may limit the conversion speed of the ADC. Additionally, themultiple T/H circuits and their clock drivers may take up valuablecircuitry space and increase power consumption.

Thus, there is a need for improved ADC's that reduces T/H circuits byperforming signal processing in continuous-time forms to decrease costand power requirements while improving performance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter stageaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter stageaccording to features of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a delaying converteraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an amplifier of aconverter stage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter stageaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate signal graphs of a converter stage according toan embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, aconverter may include multiple converter stages connected in series.Each converter stage may receive a clock signal and an analog inputsignal, and may generate an analog output signal and a digital outputsignal. Each converter stages may include an encoder generating thedigital output signal, a decoder generating a reconstructed signal, adelaying converter generating a delayed signal, and an amplifiergenerating a residue signal, wherein the delayed signal may be acontinuous current signal.

A converter according to the present invention may include a pipelinestructured ADC, where each converter stage may generate coarsegranularity digital signals based on the analog input signal. Eachconverter stage also may generate for the next converter stage in thepipeline, a residue signal which is in the continuous-time signal forminstead of discrete-time form. Thus, the converter may be an improvedADC design with lower power and better wideband performance.

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter 100according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

According to an embodiment, the converter 100 may include a plurality ofconverter stages 110.1-110.N, connected in series, in pipeline, or incascade configuration.

Each converter stage 110.1-110.N may receive a clock signal CLK and arespective analog input voltage signal V₀ to V_({N-1}), and may generatea respective analog voltage output signal V₁ to V_(N) and a respectivedigital output signal D1<n-1:0> to DN<n-1:0>, where n may represent thebit resolution of each converter stage. While it is illustrated in FIG.1 that all converter stages have the same n number of bits for digitalresolution, the converter stages need not have the same number of bitsfor digital resolution. Additionally, more than three converter stagesmay be implemented in a converter.

In other words, all converter stages may receive the same clock signals,but the converter stages may be connected in series or in a cascadeconfiguration via their respective analog input signals and analogoutput signals. Each converter stage may generate respective digitaloutput signals, which may be combined to form an overall digital outputfor the converter 100.

The overall output signal may be reconstructed based on all of thedigital output signals from all the converter stages in the converter,and may represented as:

V _(IN)(s)=D ₁(s)+H ⁻¹(s)D ₂(s)+H ⁻²(s)D ₃(s)+H ⁻³(s)D ₄(s)+H ⁻⁴(s)D₅(s)+

where D_(x)(s) is the digital output signals coded at converter stage xin frequency domain multiplied by one-clock digital-to-analog converter(DAC) waveform (sinc waveform, where sinc(t)=sine(t)/t) in the frequencydomain and H(s) is the combined transfer function of the delay-converterand the amplifier, if every converter stage is identical. If theconverter stage transfer functions are different, the equation may needto be modified accordingly.

The converter 100 may be a continuous-time pipeline ADC capable ofwide-bandwidth operation, with a bandwidth of approximate 500 MHz-to-1GHz with 10 GHz clock frequency, for example for a convertermanufactured on a 28 nm CMOS manufacturing process.

FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter stage 200according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

According to an embodiment, a converter stage 200 may include an encoder210 generating the digital output signal, a decoder 220 generating areconstructed signal, a delaying converter 230 generating a delayedsignal, and an amplifier 250 generating a residue signal, wherein thedelayed signal may be a continuous current signal.

The analog input signal V_({k-1}) for stage k converter stage may bereceived by the encoder 210, which generates, using the clock signal, adigital output signal Dk<n-1:0>. The encoder 210 may include sets ofcomparators comparing the analog input signal V_({k-1}) to multiplepredetermined voltage levels to obtain n bits for digital output signalDk<n-1:0>.

The decoder 220 may receive the digital output signal Dk<n-1:0> from theencoder 210 in the same converter stage 200. The decoder 220 maygenerate a reconstructed signal, based on the digital output signalDk<n-1:0> and the clock signal CLK. The decoder 220 may generate thereconstructed signal as a current signal. Optionally, the decoder 220may include an output filter (not shown) to filter the reconstructedsignal to reduce some of its high frequency noise, caused by frequencymirroring during analog-to-digital conversion. The output filter in thedecoder 220 may be a low-pass filter or a band-pass filter.

The delaying converter 230 may receive the analog input signal V_({k-1})and may generate a delayed signal, which may be a continuous currentsignal. The delaying converter 230 may delay the delayed signal from theanalog input signal by a predetermined period of time based on a periodof the clock signal. The delay may be need to be matched to the delaysin the encoder 210 and the decoder 220, to minimize the residue signalamplitude propagated to the subsequent stages. The delaying converter230 may delay the delayed signal from the analog input signal V_({k-1})by 1.5 times of a period of the clock signal, because it may takegenerally 1 clock period for the encoder 220 and the decoder 230 toreconstruct the original analog input signal V_({k-1}), and it may takeapproximately 0.5 clock period for zero-order hold response of thedecoder 230. The delaying converter 230 may include a voltage-to-currentconverter that generates, based on voltage of the analog input signalV_({k-1}), the continuous current signal.

The amplifier 250 may generate, based a difference of currents of therespective delayed signal and the respective reconstructed signal, aresidue signal V_({k}) as an analog output signal. The amplifier 250 mayamplify the respective residue signal, to provide a gain of signal forthe next converter stage in the cascade. The amplifier 250 may include alossy integrator.

Optionally, the converter stage 200 may include a subtractor 240 thatsubtracts the reconstructed signal from the delayed signal.

In a last converter stage in a converter, only the encoder 210 may beneeded, as the other components are not needed in the last converterstage, because the last converter stage does not need to generate aresidue signal.

The low-frequency voltage gain H_(LF) of the converter stage 200 may beneeded to recover the voltage swing reduced by the subtraction of thesignals that generates the residue signal in the converter stage 200.The gain H_(LF) may recover the stage output voltage amplitude toapproximately the same level as the stage input signal. In general, thegain H_(LF) may be designed to be between 2^(n-1) and 2^(n) where n isthe bit resolution of the encoder 210. This is because in a singleconverter stage, the encoder 210 may quantize the analog input signal at2^(n) voltage levels, and the analog reconstructed signal may have 2²signal levels. Thus, the difference between the analog input signal andthe reconstructed signal, when converted into the voltage form of theresidue signal, should be no more than 1/2^(n) of the range of thesignal levels of the converter stage. To allow the residue signal to besensed with similar signal levels in the next converter stage, theresidue signal may be amplified by 2^(n-1) to 2^(n) times. This mayresult in the residue signal being amplified to have a voltage swingrange that is similar to the analog input signal. Amplifying residuesignal may allow the next converter stage to quantize the residue signalat similar voltage ranges, and thus reduce susceptibility of theconverter to noise. The gain of the converter stage 200 may be preset bydesign, or may be tuned or programmed in operation. The converter stage200 may output a gain value signal (not shown), to enable thereconstruction of the overall signal during digital-to-analogconversion. The low-frequency gain H_(LF) of the converter stage 200 maybe set to a value based on the bit resolution of the converter stage200. Since the residue voltage level is recovered by the amplifier 250,the structure of the converter stages may be identical (orimpedance-scaled) in a cascade configuration. A maximum residue outputvoltage amplitude may be within 1.5 times of the maximum input voltageamplitude of the pipeline stage when the ADC system is operatingaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter stage 300according to features of the present disclosure.

According to an embodiment, a converter stage 300 may include an encoder310 generating the digital output signal, a decoder 320 generating areconstructed signal, a delaying converter 330 generating a delayedsignal, and an amplifier 350 generating a residue signal, wherein thedelayed signal may be a continuous current signal.

FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 illustrates the delayingconverter 330 in greater detail.

The delaying converter 330 may receive two signals V−_({k-1}) andV+_({k-1}), which may be the positive and negative differential signalsthat are included in signal V_({k-1}). The delaying converter 330receive each of the signals V−_({k-1}) and V+_({k-1}) in each of twobranches. The first branch may include resistor 330.1, delay 330.3, andresistor 330.5 connected in series. The second branch may includeresistor 330.2, delay 330.4, and resistor 330.6 connected in series.Resistor 330.1, delay 330.3, and resistor 330.5 may need to be impedancematched, to avoid signal reflection or degradation. The resistor 330.1and 330.2 may be adjusted or may be omitted if the signal sourceconnected to the ADC input or the first pipeline stage has non-zerooutput impedance. Similarly, resistor 330.2, delay 330.4, and resistor330.6 may need to be impedance matched. Additionally, the first branchand the second branch may need to be impedance matched. The delays 330.3and 330.4 may be continuous-time delay blocks, such as transmission linedelay blocks, cascaded LC lattice filters, active-RC delay filters, orRC, LC, LCR filters, and may be implemented on integrated chip (IC).

In this configuration, the delaying converter 330, if properly tuned andmatched, may have superior performance in most frequency ranges.However, providing delays 330.3 and 330.4 may require speciallymanufactured device structures that take up significant circuitry space.Thus, the cost of this configuration may be too high for mostapplications.

FIG. 4 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a delaying converter430 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Delaying converter 430 illustrates an alternative design, where insteadof the delays 330.3 and 330.4, multiple serially connected filters 431and 432 are used as delays. The delaying converter 430 may includeresistors 430.1, 430.2, 430.5, and 430.6 as impedance matched resistors,and filters 431 and 432 connected in cascade. The filters 431 and 432may be identical to each other, and more than one stages of filters maybe used. Additional stages of filters in this configuration may providebetter phase matching performance.

Filter 431 may include inductors 431.1 and 431.2 and capacitors 431.3and 431.4. Filter 432 may include inductors 432.1 and 432.2 andcapacitors 432.3 and 432.4. Each inductor may be connected in serieswith the next component in the same branch of the delaying converter430. Each capacitor may be connected in series with the next componentin the other branch, thus forming criss-crossing configurations. Filters431 and 432 may be also known as lattice LC filters.

Delaying converter 430 in this configuration may provide superiorperformance in the low frequency range (for example, less than 1GigaHz), but may not be as ideal as the delaying converter 330 in FIG.3. However, delaying converter 430 requires significantly less circuitryspace, as all the components can be easily manufactured andminiaturized.

FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an amplifier 550 of aconverter stage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Amplifier 550 may include an op-amp 551, capacitors 552 and 555, andresistors 553 and 554. Amplifier 550 may receive current signals in aconverter stage, and convert the current signal into a residue signal asa continuous-time voltage signal, (illustrated in FIG. 5 as differentialvoltage signals, V−_({k}) and V+_({k})).

Optionally, amplifier 550 may include an output filter 559, which may bea low-pass or band-pass filter. The output filter 559 may help reducesome of the high frequency noise in the output voltage signal, caused byfrequency mirroring during analog-to-digital conversion.

In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 5, the amplifier 550 may have anegative and a positive signal path. The negative signal path may havecapacitor 552 and resistor 553 parallel to each other and included in afeed-forward path. Similarly, the positive path may have capacitor 555and resistor 554 parallel to each other and included in a feed-forwardpath. This configuration may form a lossy integrator in the amplifier550.

In operation, if the amplifier 550 is implemented in the same converterstage as the delaying converter 330, then the converter stage may have again HLF represented as:

H _(LF) =H(0)=R _(F)/(2 R _(Z)),

where R_(F) is the resistance value of resistors 553 and 554 inamplifier 550, and R_(Z) is the resistance value of resistors 330.1,330.2, 330.5, and 330.6 in delaying converter 330.

FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a converter stage 600according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

According to an embodiment, a converter stage 600 may include an encoder610 generating the digital output signal, a decoder 620 generating areconstructed signal, a delaying converter 630 generating a delayedsignal, and an amplifier 650 generating a residue signal, wherein thedelayed signal may be a continuous current signal.

Optionally, the converter stage 600 may include a subtractor 640.

The converter stage 600 is similar to the converter stage 200 in FIG. 2,and the converter stage 600 illustrates additional details.

In the converter stage 600, encoder 610 may include multiple encoders610.1 to 610.i. The multiple encoders 610.1 to 610.i may be connected inparallel, with each receiving the same analog input signal V_({k-1}),but may receive different clock signals from a clock bus CLK, where thedifferent clock signals are staggered or interleaved, such that themultiple encoders 610.1 to 610.i may be triggered by the staggered clocksignals to perform their own analog-to-digital conversions at differenttimes. Preferably, the staggering or interleaving spread out theanalog-to-digital conversions fairly evenly over time.

Correspondingly, decoder 620 may include multiple decoders 620.1 to620.i. The multiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i may receive the digitalsignals from a corresponding encoder 610.1 to 610.i to convert toreconstructed signals, which may be analog current signals. The multipledecoders 620.1 to 620.i may be connected in parallel, with eachreceiving different clock signals from a clock bus CLK, where thedifferent clock signals are staggered or interleaved, such that themultiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i may be triggered by the staggered clocksignals to perform their own digital-to-analog conversions at differenttimes. Preferably, the staggering or interleaving spread out thedigital-to-analog conversions fairly evenly over time.

Interleaved output signals may overlapped each other in time period. Theinterleaving or staggering order of the multiple encoders 610.1 to 610.iand the multiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i may be reordered or shuffledover time to minimize the interleaving or encoder to decoder mismatch.

The multiple staggered or interleaved analog-to-digital conversion mayimprove the overall accuracy and extend the effective bandwidth of theconverter stage and the overall converter by increasing number ofsamples.

Alternatively, the different clock signals may be generated internallyin the converter stage 600 based on a single input clock signal, by forexample, splitting the single clock signal into multiple clocks signals,each adding a predetermined delay time.

The reconstructed signals from the multiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i maybe subtracted from the delayed signal from the delaying converter 630.However, because there are multiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i, theirrespective reconstructed signals may conflict or interfere with eachother.

If the multiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i are simultaneous drivingreconstructed signals as current signals, then their signal magnitudesmay need to be scaled down, for example by factor of i. Then themultiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i may drive reconstructed signals ascurrent signals into the same node. The simultaneous and scaled downdriving by the the multiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i may produce asmoothing or filtering effect on the combined reconstructed signal, byeffectively averaging every change in the reconstructed signal by i.

Alternatively, the multiple decoders 620.1 to 620.i may also bestaggered or interleaved on their outputs by their respective staggeredor interleaved clock signals, such that only one of the multipledecoders 620.1 to 620.i may drive a reconstructed signal at any giventime. The staggered or interleaved output by the multiple decoders 620.1to 620.i may tend to produce more high frequency noise, and may costadditional circuitry space.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

The method 700 may include, at block 710, an encoder may generate, basedon an analog input signal and a clock signal, a digital output signal.At block 720, a decoder may generate, based on the digital output signaland the clock signal, a reconstructed signal. At block 730, a delayingconverter may generate, based on the analog input signal, a delayedsignal, which may be a current signal. At block 740, an amplifier maygenerate, based on the delayed signal and the reconstructed signal, aresidue signal.

FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate signal graphs according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 8A illustrates voltage signal graphs of an analog input signalV_({k-1}) and an analog residue signal V_({k}) of an exemplary converterstage.

FIG. 8B illustrates current signal graphs of an analog input signalconverted current signal I_({k-1}), the delayed current signalI_(Delayed), and the reconstructed current signal I_(Reconstructed) ofan exemplary converter stage.

I_({k-1}) may be the current signal converted from the analog inputsignal V_({k-1}) without any delays. The delayed current signalI_(Delayed) may be generated from the delaying converter and may be thedelayed version of signal I_({k-1}). The reconstructed current signalI_(Reconstructed) is generated by the decoder that generates thereconstructed current signal based on the digital output signal from theencoder. Note that the reconstructed current signal I_(Reconstructed)has a delay from the original analog input signal, due to delays in theencoder and the decoder.

FIG. 8C illustrates current signal graphs of an difference signal−(I_(Delayed)−I_(Reconstructed)) of an exemplary converter stage.

The difference signal −(I_(Delayed)−I_(Reconstructed)) may also be acurrent signal, which represents the difference between the delayedoriginal signal converted to current signal and a reconstructed currentsignal based on digital output of the converter stage. This differencesignal may be received by the amplifier to generate the analog residuesignal (V_({k}) in FIG. 8A) for output for the converter stage.

FIG. 8D illustrates a plot of signal strength over frequency for analogsignal reconstructed from an overall combined digital output signal froman exemplary multi-stage converter. The plot of FIG. 8D shows that theanalog signal reconstructed from an overall combined digital outputsignal has a maximum signal strength of 0 dB at a frequency of around100 MHz (the frequency of the analog input signal V_({k-1})). Whilenoise at higher frequencies increases as frequency increases, the noiselevel at the frequency range of interest near the low frequency range of100 MHz is relatively low, and this may provide sufficient signal marginand thus indicate significant accuracy for the converter in the presentinvention.

It is appreciated that the disclosure is not limited to the describedembodiments, and that any number of scenarios and embodiments in whichconflicting appointments exist may be resolved.

Although the disclosure has been described with reference to severalexemplary embodiments, it is understood that the words that have beenused are words of description and illustration, rather than words oflimitation. Changes may be made within the purview of the appendedclaims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from thescope and spirit of the disclosure in its aspects. Although thedisclosure has been described with reference to particular means,materials and embodiments, the disclosure is not intended to be limitedto the particulars disclosed; rather the disclosure extends to allfunctionally equivalent structures, methods, and uses such as are withinthe scope of the appended claims.

While the computer-readable medium may be described as a single medium,the term “computer-readable medium” includes a single medium or multiplemedia, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associatedcaches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term“computer-readable medium” shall also include any medium that is capableof storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution bya processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or moreof the embodiments disclosed herein.

The computer-readable medium may comprise a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium or media and/or comprise a transitorycomputer-readable medium or media. In a particular non-limiting,exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable medium can include asolid-state memory such as a memory card or other package that housesone or more non-volatile read-only memories. Further, thecomputer-readable medium can be a random access memory or other volatilere-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readable medium caninclude a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a disk or tapes orother storage device to capture carrier wave signals such as a signalcommunicated over a transmission medium. Accordingly, the disclosure isconsidered to include any computer-readable medium or other equivalentsand successor media, in which data or instructions may be stored.

Although the present application describes specific embodiments whichmay be implemented as code segments in computer-readable media, it is tobe understood that dedicated hardware implementations, such asapplication specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays andother hardware devices, can be constructed to implement one or more ofthe embodiments described herein. Applications that may include thevarious embodiments set forth herein may broadly include a variety ofelectronic and computer systems. Accordingly, the present applicationmay encompass software, firmware, and hardware implementations, orcombinations thereof.

The present specification describes components and functions that may beimplemented in particular embodiments with reference to particularstandards and protocols, the disclosure is not limited to such standardsand protocols. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster ormore efficient equivalents having essentially the same functions.Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same orsimilar functions are considered equivalents thereof.

The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended toprovide a general understanding of the various embodiments. Theillustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of allof the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize thestructures or methods described herein. Many other embodiments may beapparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure.Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, suchthat structural and logical substitutions and changes may be madewithout departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, theillustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn to scale.Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, whileother proportions may be minimized. Accordingly, the disclosure and thefigures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to herein,individually and/or collectively, by the term “disclosure” merely forconvenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of thisapplication to any particular disclosure or inventive concept. Moreover,although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangementdesigned to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted forthe specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover anyand all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in theart upon reviewing the description.

In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features maybe grouped together or described in a single embodiment for the purposeof streamlining the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpretedas reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require morefeatures than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as thefollowing claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed toless than all of the features of any of the disclosed embodiments. Thus,the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description,with each claim standing on its own as defining separately claimedsubject matter.

The above disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, andnot restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all suchmodifications, enhancements, and other embodiments which fall within thetrue spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, to the maximumextent allowed by law, the scope of the present disclosure is to bedetermined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the followingclaims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited bythe foregoing detailed description.

What is claimed is:
 1. A delaying converter comprising: an input toreceive an analog input voltage signal; continuous-time circuitry todelay the analog input voltage signal by a predetermined period of timematching a delay of a signal path generating a reconstructed signal ofthe analog input voltage signal; and an output to output a continuouscurrent output signal representing a delayed analog input voltagesignal.
 2. The delaying converter of claim 1, wherein: the continuouscurrent output signal and the reconstructed signal are used to generatea residue signal in a continuous-time signal form.
 3. The delayingconverter of claim 1, wherein: the signal path includes an encodergenerating a digital output signal based on the analog input voltagesignal and a decoder generating the reconstructed signal.
 4. Thedelaying converter of claim 1, wherein: the reconstructed signal is acurrent signal.
 5. The delaying converter of claim 1, wherein thepredetermined period of time is based on 1.5 times of a period of aclock signal.
 6. The delaying converter of claim 1, wherein thecontinuous-time circuitry includes a voltage-to-current converter thatgenerates, based on the analog input voltage signal, the continuouscurrent output signal.
 7. The delaying converter of claim 1, wherein:the analog input voltage signal comprises positive and negativedifferential signals; and the continuous-time circuitry comprises twobranches receiving the positive and the negative differential signalsrespectively.
 8. The delaying converter of claim 1, wherein thecontinuous-time circuitry comprises: a first branch comprising a firstresistor, a first delay, and a second resistor connected in series; anda second branch comprising a third resistor, a second delay, and afourth resistor connected in series.
 9. The delaying converter of claim8, wherein the first resistor, the first delay, and the second resistorare impedance matched, and the third resistor, the second delay, and thefourth resistor are impedance matched.
 10. The delaying converter ofclaim 8, wherein the first branch and the second branch are impedancematched.
 11. The delaying converter of claim 1, wherein the first delayand the second delay include one or more of the following: transmissionline delay block, cascaded LC lattice filter, active-RC delay filter, RCfilter, LC filter, and LCR filter.
 12. The delaying converter of claim1, wherein: the continuous-time circuitry comprise multiple seriallyconnected filters.
 13. The delaying converter of claim 1, wherein: thecontinuous-time circuitry comprises impedance matched resistors and aplurality of filters connected in cascade.
 14. The delaying converter ofclaim 13, wherein the plurality of filters comprises lattice LC filtershaving inductors and capacitors in criss-crossing configurations.
 15. Adelaying converter, comprising: inputs receiving differential analogvoltage input signals; outputs outputting continuous-time currentsignals; and first filter and second filter connected in cascade used asdelays, wherein the first filter includes first inductors and firstcapacitors, the second filter includes second inductors and secondcapacitors, each first inductor is connected in series with a nextcomponent in a same branch of the delaying converter, and each firstcapacitor is connected in series with a next component in another branchof the delaying converter.
 16. The delaying converter of claim 15,further comprising: a first resistor and a second resistor in serieswith the inputs respectively; and a third resistor and a fourth resistorin series with the outputs respectively.
 17. The delaying converter ofclaim 15, wherein the first filter and the second filter are lattice LCfilters.
 18. The delaying converter of claim 15, further comprising oneor more further filters connected in cascade with the first and secondfilters.
 19. A method for producing a residue signal, the methodcomprising: receiving an analog voltage input signal; generating areconstructed signal based on the analog voltage input signal; delayingthe analog voltage input signal to generate a continuous-time currentoutput signal, wherein the delaying matches a delay associated with thegenerating of the reconstructed signal; and generating the residuesignal based on the continuous-time current output signal and thereconstructed signal.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein generating theresidue signal comprises subtracting the continuous-time current outputsignal by the reconstructed signal and further reconstructed signals,wherein the reconstructed signal and the further reconstructed signalsare scaled down by a factor.